Canada is the world's second-largest
country by total area, and its common border with the United States
is the world's longest land border. It has ten provinces and three
territories located in the northern part of North America. It
extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific, northward into the Arctic
Ocean (just south of Greenland), and borders on the south with The
US. Its capital is Ottawa and its population of about 35 million is
about one tenth the size of the US population. The top five
largest countries in order are: Russia, Canada, China, United
States, Brazil.
The current Canadian flag is less than fifty years old. On December
15, 1964 the Canadian Parliament voted to accept the current maple
leaf design. The official flag was hoisted for the first time
February 15, 1965. Two years later, Canada celebrated its 100th
anniversary and used the occasion to promote the new flag.
The maple leaf design by George Stanley and John Matheson is based
on the flag of the Royal Military College of Canada. February 15 is
now celebrated annually as National Flag of Canada Day.
Canada is a federal state governed as a parliamentary democracy and
a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of
state. However, Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent
country and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from
her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other
Commonwealth realms.
The Canada Act of 1982, among other provisions formally ended the
British parliament having power to pass laws extending to Canada at
its own request.
In 1958, a US high school student, Bob Heft designed
the current US flag for a class project and received a B-
grade. He also designed a flag with 51 stars, just in case. The
current US flag has been used since July 4, 1960.
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