Funny Words

Professor Chris Westbury's newest psychology study is about farts. It is also about snots, chortles, wienies, heinies and bozos; things that are wriggly, jiggly, flappy, and slaphappy. That is because Westbury studies funny words and, more specifically, what makes some words funny and others not.

"As schoolboys of a certain age rediscover repeatedly, there is a sense in which simply uttering the word fart is a one-word joke," Westbury and Geoff Hollis, both professors at the University of Alberta in Canada, wrote in a study published Oct. 18 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General [Does It Fart? 10 Fascinating Facts About Animal Toots].

Westbury wondered, makes the word "fart" so funny? He already knew from a 2016 study he co-authored that part of a word's funniness could be explained by the popular theory of humor known as incongruity theory; the idea that something becomes funnier the more it subverts your expectations. In that study, students rated the funniness of several thousand meaningless, computer-generated words, or nonwords. The nonwords with surprising letter combinations that looked least like known English words, such as "snunkoople," "hablump" and "jumemo" were consistently rated funniest.

Dirty-sounding nonwords like "whong," "dongl," and "focky" also performed very well, suggesting that a word's perceived connotation played a role in humor, even for words that had no real meaning.

In their new study, Westbury and Hollis delved further into the relationship between word sounds, meanings and humor, this time, they started with a list of 4,997 common words previously compiled by a team of psychologists at the University of Warwick in the U.K. and scored with funniness ratings by a panel of 800 online participants. The Warwick psychologists found that words like "booty," "tinkle" and "nitwit" were consistently ranked as being very funny, while words like "pain," "torture" and "deathbed" were ranked as being decidedly unfunny.

They categorized words based on 20 different factors, including how long the word itself was, how positive or negative the word's meaning was, how common each letter or combination of letters was in English, and whether the word contained a crude or profane-sounding string of characters within it.

With these factors and the pre-existing humor scores for the words in the entire list, the researchers devised several different equations that could, theoretically, predict the humorousness of any given word. They tested two of their humor equations on a list of more than 45,000 words, then ranked the results in their new paper. One algorithm decided the top five funniest words on the list were:

1. Upchuck

2. Bubby

3. Boff

4. Wriggly

5. Yaps

The second equation, which was written with the help of a special data-modeling program Hollis and Westbury co-created in 2006, predicted the funniest words were:

1. Slobbering

2. Puking

3. Fuzz

4. Floozy

5. Cackling

The perfect funny word, the authors concluded, is "a short, infrequent word composed of uncommon letters," and has a meaning that is "human and insulting, profane, diminutive and/or related to good times."