Every time someone laughs around us, our brains must
interpret what it means. As German scientists have discovered,
it is more complex than we thought.
A joyful belly laugh is interpreted by the brain in a completely
different way from a scornful titter or the giggle from someone
being tickled, a group of scientists from Tübingen in south west
Germany have found.
In experiments designed to help patients with chronic
anxiety disorders, they found that positive
non-verbal communication, such as a joyful laugh was processed by
a different part of the brain from a negative, scornful snicker.
Laughing is one of the oldest forms of non-verbal
communication and is also seen in rats and apes. It
could be key to helping patients with psychiatric disorders, who
often are unable to correctly interpret non-verbal communication.
Humans have developed several different forms
of laughter, each of which can have a complex series of meanings
and intentions behind them. “Laughing is a very strong signal in social interaction. If you
are laughed at with joy you feel accepted. If you are the victim
of scornful laughter, you feel shut out of the group,“ said Dr. Dirk Wildgruber.
In their experiments, Wildgruber and his team played
various types of recorded laughter and measured how the sounds
were interpreted in the brain. They found that giggles generated when someone is being tickled
stimulates areas of the brain responsible for interpreting complex
acoustic signals. Happy or scornful laughter, on the other hand,
stimulates completely separate brain regions usually tasked with
guessing the intentions of others. From there, the laughter
kick-starts connections with different parts of the brain
depending on the tone - negative or positive.
The next step will be to look into how people with psychological
disturbances react to different laughter signals to find out which
areas of the brain could be artificially stimulated to help them,
said Wildgruber.
May 14, 2013
Robot Builds Furniture
MIT has built a robot that can
assemble IKEA furniture without human intervention. It can
assemble flat-pack IKEA furniture all by itself. It has a
specialized gripper hand that can grab the pieces and screw them
together.
Humans feed the robot a design file that describes the product, such as how many pieces, what do they look like, where the screw holes are, etc. The robots do not need to be instructed how to assemble it. From knowing what the parts look like, the software can decipher how something needs to be put together.
Humans feed the robot a design file that describes the product, such as how many pieces, what do they look like, where the screw holes are, etc. The robots do not need to be instructed how to assemble it. From knowing what the parts look like, the software can decipher how something needs to be put together.
Smart Diapers
Huggies has invented a plastic device
called TweetPee that fits on diapers, senses moisture, and texts
your smart phone when your baby has peed. Hmmm, this might be
carrying things a bit too far.
Interesting Internet Tidbits
According to Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, more information now crosses the Internet
every second than the entire Internet stored 20 years ago. It
says, every hour Wal-Mart Stores Inc. collects 50 million filing
cabinets' worth of information from its dealings with customers.
Cloud computing is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, process data, and run applications, rather than a local device. The services usually charge monthly fees.
Microsoft has unveiled a system that can translate what you say into Mandarin and play it back in your voice.
The Google Now personal assistant can tell you if there's a traffic jam on your regular route home and suggest an alternative.
Apple's Siri can reschedule an appointment.
IBM's Watson supercomputer can field an awkwardly worded question, figure out what you are trying to ask, and retrieve the answer for you.
Cloud computing is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, process data, and run applications, rather than a local device. The services usually charge monthly fees.
Microsoft has unveiled a system that can translate what you say into Mandarin and play it back in your voice.
The Google Now personal assistant can tell you if there's a traffic jam on your regular route home and suggest an alternative.
Apple's Siri can reschedule an appointment.
IBM's Watson supercomputer can field an awkwardly worded question, figure out what you are trying to ask, and retrieve the answer for you.
May 10, 2013
Happy Friday
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Everyone is beautiful if they are having a Happy Friday!
Everyone is beautiful if they are having a Happy Friday!
Humpty Dumpty
According to the Oxford English Dictionary,
“humpty dumpty” was first used in the 17th century and referred to
brandy boiled with ale. In the 1700s, it was also a term used to
describe a short, clumsy person. It has also been a nickname
attributed to someone who has had too much alcohol, as in brandy
boiled in ale.
The nursery rhyme is neither a bottle of alcohol nor a person, it is most likely that the nursery rhyme was intended as a riddle. The answer to the riddle is an egg. Something that, if it rolled off a wall, could not be mended by any number of people. Today, the answer is so well known that the character of Humpty Dumpty is an egg and the rhyme is not considered to be a riddle at all, but a story.
The nursery rhyme is neither a bottle of alcohol nor a person, it is most likely that the nursery rhyme was intended as a riddle. The answer to the riddle is an egg. Something that, if it rolled off a wall, could not be mended by any number of people. Today, the answer is so well known that the character of Humpty Dumpty is an egg and the rhyme is not considered to be a riddle at all, but a story.
Techno love
You can actually buy this on Amazon. It is
a USB powered fridge small enough to cool one canned beverage.
Greenland and Australia
Australia is a continent and also
the largest island. Greenland is the second largest island, but not
a continent.
There are several accepted factors that classify continents. These factors include tectonic independence from other continents, unique flora and fauna, cultural uniqueness, and local belief in continental status.
Australia rests on its own tectonic plate called the Australian Plate. It has its own unique flora and fauna, with native animals unlike any others in the world. Its inhabitants consider themselves to live on both an island and a continent.
Greenland rests on the North American tectonic plate along with Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It has a number of unique species of plants, but its animals, like reindeer, polar bears, and arctic foxes, can also be found elsewhere. Greenland has its own culture, but considered part of the larger North American arctic culture. Its inhabitants consider themselves islanders.
Australia is part of Britain’s Commonwealth and Greenland is officially part of Denmark.
Australia is about 3 million square miles and the sixth largest country in the world. Greenland is about 834 thousand square miles and the twelfth largest country in the world.
Eighty percent of Greenland is covered by ice. Eighteen percent of Australia is covered by deserts.
84% of Greenlanders live in urban areas and 89% of Australians live in urban areas.
Greenland's one major city is its capital, Nuuk. Inhabitants of both live mostly along the coast.
Greenland’s population is 89% Inuit and 11% Danish and Australia’s population is 92% white, 7% Asian, and 1% Aboriginal.
There are almost 6 migrants leaving Greenland per 1000 people. In Australia, there are almost 6 migrants entering the country per 1000 people.
There are several accepted factors that classify continents. These factors include tectonic independence from other continents, unique flora and fauna, cultural uniqueness, and local belief in continental status.
Australia rests on its own tectonic plate called the Australian Plate. It has its own unique flora and fauna, with native animals unlike any others in the world. Its inhabitants consider themselves to live on both an island and a continent.
Greenland rests on the North American tectonic plate along with Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It has a number of unique species of plants, but its animals, like reindeer, polar bears, and arctic foxes, can also be found elsewhere. Greenland has its own culture, but considered part of the larger North American arctic culture. Its inhabitants consider themselves islanders.
Australia is part of Britain’s Commonwealth and Greenland is officially part of Denmark.
Australia is about 3 million square miles and the sixth largest country in the world. Greenland is about 834 thousand square miles and the twelfth largest country in the world.
Eighty percent of Greenland is covered by ice. Eighteen percent of Australia is covered by deserts.
84% of Greenlanders live in urban areas and 89% of Australians live in urban areas.
Greenland's one major city is its capital, Nuuk. Inhabitants of both live mostly along the coast.
Greenland’s population is 89% Inuit and 11% Danish and Australia’s population is 92% white, 7% Asian, and 1% Aboriginal.
There are almost 6 migrants leaving Greenland per 1000 people. In Australia, there are almost 6 migrants entering the country per 1000 people.
Fingers Have No Muscles
Each finger consists of three bones
called phalanges. Tendons generally connect muscle to bone, and
ligaments generally connect bone to bone. The tendons that control
the bones in fingers are attached to seventeen muscles in the palm
of the hand and eighteen in the forearm. Some are very small and
help control each individual finger.
When rock climbers and others exercise, they are actually strengthening the muscles in hands and forearms, not fingers. The average grip strength for men ages 20 to 75 is 104.3 pounds for the right hand and 93.1 pounds for the left. Women averaged 62.8 pounds and 53.9 pounds respectively.
Several studies have shown that it is easier to handle wet objects when you have wrinkled fingers vs. smooth ones. Wrinkling skin in water is caused by constriction of blood vessels. If you sever the nerve to a specific part of your finger, that part will never again wrinkle when wet. Now you have a handle on how fingers work.
When rock climbers and others exercise, they are actually strengthening the muscles in hands and forearms, not fingers. The average grip strength for men ages 20 to 75 is 104.3 pounds for the right hand and 93.1 pounds for the left. Women averaged 62.8 pounds and 53.9 pounds respectively.
Several studies have shown that it is easier to handle wet objects when you have wrinkled fingers vs. smooth ones. Wrinkling skin in water is caused by constriction of blood vessels. If you sever the nerve to a specific part of your finger, that part will never again wrinkle when wet. Now you have a handle on how fingers work.
May 7, 2013
Gene Therapy Virus
In 2012 the European union authorized
UniQure to use Glybera gene therapy for commercial use. The medicine
sends a virus into your body, containing the correct genetic code.
The therapy, developed by UniQure uses a virus to infect muscle
cells with a working copy of the gene. Once the virus infects muscle
cells, the correct code overwrites the bad DNA.
Glybera is used to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency. One in a million people have damaged copies of a gene which is essential for breaking down fats. It means fat builds up in the blood leading to abdominal pain and life-threatening inflammation of the pancreas, pancreatitis.
A few years ago, three academic groups showed that AAV2, another adeno-associated virus, can correct a rare form of inherited blindness, by targeting a certain cell type within the retina.
Glybera is used to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency. One in a million people have damaged copies of a gene which is essential for breaking down fats. It means fat builds up in the blood leading to abdominal pain and life-threatening inflammation of the pancreas, pancreatitis.
A few years ago, three academic groups showed that AAV2, another adeno-associated virus, can correct a rare form of inherited blindness, by targeting a certain cell type within the retina.
Russia's Caucasus
The area was recently in the news due to
the Boston bombers. One interesting tidbit is that the area is
responsible for people being called Caucasian.
It all began in the late 1700s when German anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach divided Homo sapiens into five distinct 'varieties' based on their physical characteristics. There was the Mongolian or yellow variety, the red American variety, the brown Malayan variety, the black Ethiopian variety, and the white Caucasian variety.
Caucasians are some or all of the populations of Europe, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia/Middle East, Asia Minor, and Central Asia. The name stems from the Caucasus Mountain Range, where the people who most resembled his definition came from. He did not specifically say they were just white. He described the characteristics as Color white, cheeks rosy, hair brown or chestnut-colored, head subglobular, face oval straight, its parts moderately defined, forehead smooth, nose narrow slightly hooked, and mouth small.
The term 'Caucasian race' was coined by German philosopher Christoph Meiners in 1785. In Meiners' racial classification, there were only two racial divisions, Caucasians and Mongolians.
Currently Caucasian lacks any real scientific meaning, but is commonly used, especially on TV cop shows, as a blanket term, for white/European people. Caucasoid is the new term anthropologists use.
The US court, in Ozawa v. United States declared skin color was irrelevant in determining whether or not a person could be classified as "white" and instead emphasized ancestry. The United States National Library of Medicine discontinued using Caucasian in favor of the geographical term "European", which traditionally only applied to a subset of Caucasoids.
Bottom line - the terms used for race, 'variety', ethnicity, and other characteristics of humans is not currently universally agreed to. I tend to agree with Shakespeare view, "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder".
It all began in the late 1700s when German anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach divided Homo sapiens into five distinct 'varieties' based on their physical characteristics. There was the Mongolian or yellow variety, the red American variety, the brown Malayan variety, the black Ethiopian variety, and the white Caucasian variety.
Caucasians are some or all of the populations of Europe, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia/Middle East, Asia Minor, and Central Asia. The name stems from the Caucasus Mountain Range, where the people who most resembled his definition came from. He did not specifically say they were just white. He described the characteristics as Color white, cheeks rosy, hair brown or chestnut-colored, head subglobular, face oval straight, its parts moderately defined, forehead smooth, nose narrow slightly hooked, and mouth small.
The term 'Caucasian race' was coined by German philosopher Christoph Meiners in 1785. In Meiners' racial classification, there were only two racial divisions, Caucasians and Mongolians.
Currently Caucasian lacks any real scientific meaning, but is commonly used, especially on TV cop shows, as a blanket term, for white/European people. Caucasoid is the new term anthropologists use.
The US court, in Ozawa v. United States declared skin color was irrelevant in determining whether or not a person could be classified as "white" and instead emphasized ancestry. The United States National Library of Medicine discontinued using Caucasian in favor of the geographical term "European", which traditionally only applied to a subset of Caucasoids.
Bottom line - the terms used for race, 'variety', ethnicity, and other characteristics of humans is not currently universally agreed to. I tend to agree with Shakespeare view, "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder".
Poor Americans
In American today, those classified as
poor*:
99% have electricity, flushing toilets and refrigerator
95% have a television
88% have mobile phones
70% have car and air conditioning
*from TiE Entrepreneurial Summit 2012
99% have electricity, flushing toilets and refrigerator
95% have a television
88% have mobile phones
70% have car and air conditioning
*from TiE Entrepreneurial Summit 2012
Paraprosdokian
This is a figure of speech similar to
garden-path sentences in that both feature a sort of linguistic
“twist” partway through. Paraprosdokians differ, though, in that the
grammar is not usually confusing; rather, the end of the sentence
ends up being surprising or disorienting. Henny Youngman’s famous
line “Take my wife - please!” is a prime example of a sentence whose
final word ramps up the tension of the previous phrase, and provides
unexpected humor to the listener.
Comedians use Paraprosdokians all the time as a means of keeping an audience off-guard. A few more examples:
“I've had a perfectly wonderful evening, but this wasn't it.” (Groucho Marx)
Your argument is sound, lots of sound.
“I haven’t slept for ten days, because that would be too long.” (Mitch Hedberg)
"I don't belong to an organized political party. I'm a Democrat." (Will Rogers)
“If I’m reading this graph correctly, I’d be surprised.” (Stephen Colbert)
“You can always count on Americans to do the right thing . . . after they have tried everything else.” (Winston Churchill)
Comedians use Paraprosdokians all the time as a means of keeping an audience off-guard. A few more examples:
“I've had a perfectly wonderful evening, but this wasn't it.” (Groucho Marx)
Your argument is sound, lots of sound.
“I haven’t slept for ten days, because that would be too long.” (Mitch Hedberg)
"I don't belong to an organized political party. I'm a Democrat." (Will Rogers)
“If I’m reading this graph correctly, I’d be surprised.” (Stephen Colbert)
“You can always count on Americans to do the right thing . . . after they have tried everything else.” (Winston Churchill)
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